Since the first International Conference on Computer Security in the Nuclear World, held in 2015, awareness of the growing threat of cyber-attacks and their potential impact on nuclear security has increased. The IAEA has also developed detailed nuclear security guidance to assist countries in their national efforts to establish computer security as an integral element of nuclear security. Considering the evolving nature of computer security, the IAEA organized the second International Conference on Computer Security in the Nuclear World: Security for Safety in June 2023 that emphasized the large scope of computer security for nuclear activities, including safety.